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PicoTip® in ActionThese images are frame captures of a PicoTip spraying 5% Acetic acid in 30% MeOH at 200 nl/min by direct infusion from a syringe pump. Each frame differs by an applied voltage of approximately 100 volts. The tip-to-inlet distance was ca. 5 mm. 
This level of performance is difficult to achieve 1000 V - Taylor-cone/droplet oscillation, more "drops" than spray 1100 V - cone/droplet oscillation. approx 50% spray 1200 V - cone/droplet oscillation, on the verge of a stable Taylor cone 1300 V - stable cone-jet 1400 V - cone-jet on the verge of "jumping", slight instability 1550 V - multiple cone-jets |